DESCRIPTION

Technical Description

In experimental stress and strain analysis, strain gauges are used to determine stresses and strains in components and structures. The maximum stresses and strains are key variables in terms of the structure, and ultimately dictate the design of a component. Strain gauges provide the means required to evaluate mechanical stress and strains.

The FL 120 experimental unit can be used to measure the deflection and strain of a disc under different pressure loads. For the purpose, a thin disc - also termed a membrane or diaphragm - is clamped into place and subjected to pressure. A cylinder with a hand-operated piston generates pressure in a maintenance-free hydraulic system. This pressure is indicated on a gauge.

Strains on the surface of the membrane are recorded by strain gauges. The layout of the strain gauges at optimally selected points provides a comprehensive view of the stresses and strains all over the disc. The maximum stresses and strains are calculated, applying the appropriate equations of elasticity.

The strain gauge measurements are recorded and displayed with the aid of measuring amplifier FL 151. To assist and visualise evaluation of the experiment, the measurement data can be imported into the application software. At the same time, the deflection of the membrane is measured by a dial gauge. The dial gauge can be moved along a cross-arm, enabling measurements to be taken at any radius.

The well-structured instructional material sets out the fundamentals and provides a step-by-step guide through the experiments. 

Learning Objectives / Experiments

- measurement of radial and hoop strain by strain gauges
- measurement of deflection by a dial gauge
- calculation of the stresses and strains from the measured strains: radial stress, hoop stress
- determination of the direction of principal stress
- application of Mohr’s Circle to determine the principal stresses and strains
- basic principle: measurement of strain using strain gauges